4 Inspection Tips for Buying a Used XCMG Excavator
1. Machine Operating History
Year & Model – It is essential to verify critical details regarding the excavator, such as the year, make, model, and serial number, which are typically found on the data plate. These particulars ensure the accuracy of the information provided by the seller and assist in confirming that the excavator aligns with the description given.
Operating Hours – The definition of a ‘good’ number of operating hours can differ based on the size and operational history of the excavator. For instance, a mini digger with 3,000 hours may be deemed ‘worn out,’ whereas a 20-ton excavator with the same number of hours may still be in good condition, depending on its usage. If there is uncertainty regarding the appropriateness of the hours, it is advisable to consult a plant operator or an independent expert for an impartial assessment.
Service History – It is important to request a well-documented service history, as this will indicate whether the excavator has been properly maintained and serviced regularly. The absence of a readily available service history for a used digger may suggest potential underlying issues or a lack of adequate care.
2. Inspecting the External Excavator Condition
General Machine Condition – The overall state of the excavator provides a broad indication of its maintenance and operational history. Assess the condition of the paint, decals, cleanliness, and the state of the seat and dashboard. A machine that is clean and well-maintained typically reflects proper care and maintenance practices.
Tires, Track & Undercarriage – The presence of dents, holes, or oil residue may suggest inadequate maintenance, misuse, or internal damage. For wheeled excavators, it is essential to verify that the tires are in optimal condition, properly inflated, and devoid of any visible damage. Inquire with the seller regarding the duration of tire usage to assess the level of wear. In the case of tracked excavators, ensure that the tracks exhibit minimal wear or damage, that the sprockets and idlers are in sound condition, and that the track tension is appropriately firm.
3. Evaluating the Internal Condition of the Excavator
Battery – Before initiating the operation of the excavator, it is crucial to examine the battery’s condition and its expiration date. Confirm that all wires and terminals are free from corrosion, rust, or any unusual fluids, as these may indicate a potential leak.
Oil / Oil Filler Cap – Prior to starting the engine, assess the oil level and its condition. The engine of the excavator depends on adequate lubrication for optimal performance; therefore, low oil levels and a clogged filler cap may signify poor maintenance or leakage issues. Clear oil suggests recent servicing, while black oil may indicate inadequate servicing or maintenance. Additionally, milky or beige oil may point to moisture contamination, potentially signaling a leaking head gasket.
4. Assessing the Performance of the Excavator
Start-up Condition – During the start-up of the excavator, it is important to observe the speed of the start-up. If the machine stalls or requires excessive cranking, this may indicate a problem. Additionally, monitor for excessive smoke during revving; white, black, or blue-grey smoke may suggest an underlying engine issue. A brief puff of black smoke upon initial start or revving is generally acceptable.
Hydraulic Inspections – It is essential to examine all hydraulic systems, including cylinders, pumps, hoses, and connectors, for any indications of wear or damage, such as cracks, bulges, or leaks. A leak may signify underlying damage or deterioration, which can lead to costly and time-consuming repairs. While the equipment is operational, utilize the joysticks and pedals to maneuver the rams in all directions.
To evaluate the performance of the slew ring, rotate the cab completely in both directions. Execute a full-speed slew and then abruptly halt; observe how far the machine continues to move afterward. The greater the movement of the cab post-stop, the more worn the slew ring is likely to be.
Additional Features Verification – When considering the purchase of an excavator equipped with extra features such as air conditioning, heating, or a radio, it is important to verify that these components function properly, as they can significantly affect the overall value and purchase price of the excavator.
Inquire with the seller regarding whether the quick coupler is a mix-and-match hitch. If so, the pin dimensions of your buckets and attachments may not align with the specific make and model of the machine, which is a crucial consideration when acquiring additional equipment. Additionally, assess the wear on the buckets, attachments, and hitches to confirm they are not nearing failure, as this could incur further replacement costs in the future.