Loaders consist of a frame, power transmission system, walking device, working device, steering and braking system, hydraulic system, and control system. The engine transmits power to the gearbox through the torque converter, while the gearbox transfers power to the front and rear axles via drive shafts, enabling the wheels to rotate. The engine also powers the hydraulic pump through the transfer case.

The working device includes a boom, rocker, connecting rod, bucket, boom hydraulic cylinder, and rocker hydraulic cylinder. The boom hinges to the frame at one end, with a bucket attached to the other. The boom hydraulic cylinder lifts the boom, while the bucket hydraulic cylinder, working with the rocker arm and connecting rod, controls the bucket’s movement.

The loader’s frame consists of front and rear sections connected by a hinge pin, allowing relative rotation around the hinge via the steering hydraulic cylinder for steering.

Loaders organize their components into four systems: power, mechanical, hydraulic, and control.